The landlord's sums: rental yields, mortgage costs, income tax on rental profits, stamp duty and capital gains tax, by tax band and nation. Buy-to-let covered as an investment, not a housing story.
From 6 April 2027, individual landlords in England, Wales and Northern Ireland pay income tax on rental profit at 22%, 42% or 47%, two points above the rates on earnings. Mortgage interest relief rises to 22% at the same time, so for most the extra cost is 2% of profit after interest.
Property investment in the UK comes in four main forms, from a buy-to-let flat to listed REIT shares, and what separates them is mostly costs, tax and how quickly you can sell. From 6 April 2027 individual landlords in England, Wales and Northern Ireland pay new property income rates of 22%, 42% and 47%.
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